配置MySQL主从复制和读写分离

admin 2024-05-15 248 阅读 0评论

实验环境

序号主机名IP地址备注
1mysql-master192.168.204.201MySQL主库
2mysql-slave192.168.204.202MySQL从库
3appserver192.168.204.111应用服务器

安装配置MySQL数据库

1.使用yum安装mysql和mysql-server

yum install -y mariadb mariadb-server

2.启动mysql服务

systemctl start mariadb
systemctl enable mariadb

3.查看启动状态

systemctl status mariadb
netstat -anpt | grep "mysql" --color

4.允许3306端口通过防火墙

firewall-cmd --zone=public --add-port=3306/tcp --permanent
firewall-cmd --reload

5.设置MySQL密码

mysql_secure_installation

6.在mysql-master上创建数据库

使用root用户登录MySQL

mysql -uroot -p123456

创建数据库并添加数据

create database db_test;
show databases;
use db_test;

create table if not exists user_info(
   username varchar(16) not null,
   password varchar(32) not null,
   realname varchar(16) default '',
   primary key (username)
)default charset=utf8;
show tables;

insert into user_info(username, password, realname) values
('10001', '123456', '小明'),
('10002', '123456', '小红'),
('10003', '123456', '小王'),
('10004', '123456', '小张'),
('10005', '123456', '小李');

select * from user_info where 1;

mysql-master上授权数据库访问权限

GRANT all ON db_test.* TO 'admin'@'%' identified BY '123456';
flush privileges;

mysql-slaveappserver上登录mysql-master数据库

mysql -h 192.168.204.201 -uroot -p123456

mysql-master上撤销数据库访问权限

REVOKE all ON db_test.* FROM 'admin'@'%';
flush privileges;

配置master和slave两台mysql服务器的主从复制

1.在master数据库上启用binlog日志,建立从库账号rep

查看binlog日志状态

show variables like 'log_bin';

更改my.cnf配置文件

cp /usr/share/mysql/my-medium.cnf /etc/my.cnf

重启MySQL,查看binlog日志

systemctl restart mariadb
mysql -uroot -p123456 -e "show variables like 'log_bin';"
mysql -uroot -p123456 -e "show master status;"

记住此处File和Position的值

建立从库账号

grant replication slave on *.* to rep@'192.168.204.202' identified by '123456';
show grants for rep@'192.168.204.%';

2.在master数据库上备份现有数据库

对master数据库锁表

flush tables with read lock;

备份master数据库

mysqldump -uroot -p123456 --all-databases | gzip > /root/database_`date '+%Y-%m-%d'`.sql.gz

将备份文件拷贝至slave

scp database_*.sql.gz root@192.168.204.202:/root

3. 配置slave数据库,在slave上恢复数据库

配置slave数据库server-id,关闭binlog日志

cp /usr/share/mysql/my-medium.cnf /etc/my.cnf
# vim /etc/my.cnf

#log-bin=mysql-bin
#binlog_format=mixed
server-id       = 2

4.重启slave的mysql

重启mysql服务

systemctl restart mariadb

查看log_binserver_id的值

show variables like 'log_bin';
show variables like 'server_id';

5.将数据恢复至slave

gzip -d /root/database_*.sql.gz
mysql -uroot -p123456 < /root/database_*.sql
mysql -uroot -p123456 -e "show databases;"

6.在slave数据库上配置复制参数

在slave上配置复制参数
MASTER_LOG_FILEMASTER_LOG_POS的值替换成上述master上查询的值

change master to
MASTER_HOST='192.168.204.201',
MASTER_USER='rep',
MASTER_PASSWORD='123456',
MASTER_LOG_FILE='mysql-bin.000002',
MASTER_LOG_POS=245;

在slave上配置启用复制

start slave;

在slave上查看复制状态

show slave status \G;

两个均为Yes即可

重启master和slave的mysql服务

systemctl restart mariadb

在master上为数据库db_test增加记录,在slave查看同步情况

-- mysql-master
insert into db_test.user_info (username, password, realname) values ('20001', '123456', 'Tom');
select * from db_test.user_info where 1;

-- mysql-slave
select * from db_test.user_info where 1;

已经实现了主从复制

在appserver上配置mysql读写分离

1.在appserver上安装mysql-proxy

https://downloads.mysql.com/archives/proxy/下载mysql-proxy

cd ~
wget https://downloads.mysql.com/archives/get/file/mysql-proxy-0.8.5-linux-sles11-x86-64bit.tar.gz
tar -xzvf mysql-proxy-0.8.5-linux-sles11-x86-64bit.tar.gz
cp -r mysql-proxy-0.8.5-linux-sles11-x86-64bit /usr/local/mysql-proxy

2.在appserver上配置mysql-proxy

创建主配置文件

cd /usr/local/mysql-proxy
mkdir lua        #创建脚本存放目录
mkdir logs       #创建日志目录
cp share/doc/mysql-proxy/rw-splitting.lua ./lua/  #复制读写分离配置文件
cp share/doc/mysql-proxy/admin-sql.lua ./lua/     #复制管理脚本
vim /etc/mysql-proxy.cnf     #创建配置文件

主配置文件内容

使用前,请去掉注释

#vim /etc/mysql-proxy.cnf

[mysql-proxy]
user=root #运行mysql-proxy用户
admin-username=myproxy #主从mysql共有的用户
admin-password=123456 #用户的密码
proxy-address=127.0.0.1:3306 #mysql-proxy运行ip和端口,不加端口默认4040
proxy-read-only-backend-addresses=192.168.204.202 #指定后端从slave读取数据
proxy-backend-addresses=192.168.204.201 #指定后端master写入数据
proxy-lua-script=/usr/local/mysql-proxy/lua/rw-splitting.lua #指定读写分离配置文件位置
admin-lua-script=/usr/local/mysql-proxy/lua/admin-sql/lua #指定管理脚本
log-file=/usr/local/mysql-proxy/logs/mysql-proxy.log #日志位置
log-level=info #定义log日志级别,由高到低分别(error|warning|info|message|debug)

修改权限

chmod 660 /etc/mysql-proxy.cnf

3.在appserver上修改读写分离配置文件

vim /usr/local/mysql-proxy/lua/rw-splitting.lua

修改以下内容

--- config
--
-- connection pool
if not proxy.global.config.rwsplit then
       proxy.global.config.rwsplit = {
               min_idle_connections = 1,  -- 默认超过4个连接数时才开始读写分离
               max_idle_connections = 1,  -- 默认为8

               is_debug = false
       }
end

4.在appserver上启动mysql-proxy

启动

/usr/local/mysql-proxy/bin/mysql-proxy --defaults-file=/etc/mysql-proxy.cnf --daemon

查看进程

netstat -anpt | grep 3306

5.在mysql-master和mysql-slave上分别给myproxy授权

mysql-mastermysql-slave上授权给mysql-proxy

grant all on *.* to 'myproxy'@'192.168.204.%' identified by '123456';
flush privileges;

6.在appserver上连接mysql-proxy,测试读写分离

appserver上通过mysql-proxy操作数据库

mysql -h 127.0.0.1 -umyproxy -p123456 -e "select * from db_test.user_info where 1;"
mysql -h 127.0.0.1 -umyproxy -p123456 -e "insert into db_test.user_info (username, password, realname) values ('30001', '123456', 'Jack');"
mysql -h 127.0.0.1 -umyproxy -p123456 -e "select * from db_test.user_info where 1;"

mysql-master上查询

mysql -uroot -p123456 -e "select * from db_test.user_info where 1;"

mysql-master上查询

mysql -uroot -p123456 -e "select * from db_test.user_info where 1;"

经验证,已实现读写分离

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